Appendix 1

Nauryz

Nauryz is one of the oldest holidays on Earth, the celebration was meant to reflect people's love to nature.

This holiday of spring and the renewed life of the Earth has been celebrated for over five thousand years by many cultures of the Middle and Central Asia. Historical records referring to this holiday can be found in ancient and middle age documents, it corresponds to Navruz "New Day" the Iranian New Year. Two key traditional elements of Nauryz are feasting, starting with a tasty yogurt-like dish known as Nauryz kozhe, seven bowls with Nauryz-kozhe drink (made from seven sorts of seven types of herbs) would be put in front of the aksakals (respectable old people). Nauryz kozhe consists of seven components, usually meat, salt, fat, onions, wheat, kurt (a type of cheese) and irimshik (a kind of cottage cheese). These seven ingredients symbolize the seven virtues of joy, success, intelligence, health, wealth, agility and security. People preserved the tradition to go to yurts, or traditional nomad homes, and today the holiday has acquired new spiritual and ethical meaning. This holiday celebrate on 21- 23 of March, the day of the spring equinox. That's why the Kazakhs call the month of March Nauryz. Nauryz as a non-religious celebration of the spring and renewal is closely linked to some other Kazakh holidays, such as a "farewell to winter" festival. Boys born on this day would be called Nauryz, Nauryzbai or Nauryzbek, and girls Nauryzgul.

Kazakhs called Nauryz the Day of the People or the Great Day of the People. People believed, the more generous the celebration of Nauryz was the happier the year would be. On the eve of the holiday, people would clean their homes. During the day, everybody tried to be in good spirits, would give a big hug to each other and wish good fortune and happiness to others. . People respecting this nearly month-long holiday forgive each others' debts and offences.

Of course, the modern festival is essentially different from the old. The yurts act as focal points for people to find out more about the culture and lifestyle of the traditional nomads through kazakh songs, dance and national clothing. On 30 September, 2009, Nauryz (Novruz) was included into UNESCO’s List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. On 23 February 2010, the United Nations declared March 21 the International Day of Nauryz (Novruz) . It is dear to all the people living in the multinational Kazakhstan. The ancient holiday of Nauryz has naturally become a part of the modern life, preserving the old tradition.

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